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The effect of breathing exercises on respiratory function, anthropometric parameters and functional exercise capacity in subjects with obesity: A scoping review
1Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
3Head of Clinical Informationist Research Group, Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan, University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Rehabilitation Research Institute,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology - DOI: 10.14744/ejp.2025.38270

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic medical condition with a significant socioeconomic impact on health systems. Management of obesity primarily focuses on physical exercise combined with an appropriate diet. However, emerging evidence suggests that breathing exercises may serve as a complementary intervention in obesity management programs. This study aimed to summarize the available literature on the effects of breathing exercises on lung function, anthropometric parameters, and functional exercise capacity in subjects with obesity. A scoping review was conducted following the JBI scoping review methodology. Studies in English or Persian were searched in Cochrane, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, PEDro, Magiran, MOH thesis, MOH articles, Irandoc, and SID databases. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies (body mass index >30 kg/m²), regardless of age, gender, or race, and implementing breathing exercises, setting, country, or follow-up duration, were included. Of the 2077 articles identified, 19 studies were included. 17 studies focused on lung function. 10 studies evaluated anthropometric parameters and functional exercise capacity. 14 studies conducted on adult and 5 studies evaluated children and adolescents. 15 studies were from Asian and European countries, 2 studies from Brazil, 1 study from Chile, and 1 study from Africa. Various breathing exercises were used. Duration of exercises were 3 days to 12 weeks. In 9/17 studies, breathing exercises ameliorated lung function. Improvements in anthropometric parameters and functional exercise capacity were observed in 7/10 studies. Our findings indicate that breathing exercises can improve lung function, anthropometric parameters and functional exercise capacity in subjects with obesity.